PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.